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All British
children must stay at school from the age of 5 until they are
sixteen. Many of them stay longer and take school-leaving exams
when they are 18. Before 1965 all pupils of state schools had to
go through special intelligence tests and went to secondary
schools of different types (grammar, technical, modern)
according to the results of these tests. Grammar schools
provided academic education for the best, technical schools
offered technical or commercial courses, and at a modern school
one could learn some trade.
Nowadays schools
of these types still exist, but the most popular type is
comprehensive school introduced in 1965. A comprehensive school
usually has the humanities, sciences and education with a
practical bias combined under one roof. Pupils may change their
specialisation inside one school. Schools of this type have
physics, maths, chemistry, languages, geography, biology,
history and art, as well as commercial and domestic courses.
There are many private schools which the state does not control.
In Britain they are called 'public schools' and charge fees for
educating children. Many of them are boarding schools where
pupils live during the term time.
At the age of 16
pupils take General Certificate of Secondary Education exams in
several subjects. After that they can try to get a job, go to
college of further education, or stay at school for another 2—3
years. If they stay at school after 16, or go to a college of
further education, they take school-leaving A-level exams at the
age of 18. After that, they may choose to go to a university or
a college of higher education.
There are about
180 higher educational establishments in the UK. After three
years at a university or college of higher education they may
receive the Bachelor's degree; getting the Master's degree will
take another 2 or 3 years. After that, a graduate can take
postgraduate courses to Master of Philosophy or Doctor of
Philosophy. Students may receive grants and loans from their
Local Educational Authorities to help pay for books,
accommodation, transport and food. However, most students should
pay these loans back after they get a job. Most students in
Great Britain live away from home, in flats or halls of
residence. To pay for education, many students have to work in
the evening and during their summer vacations.
University life
is considered an experience. The exams are competitive but the
social life and living away from home are also important. The
social life at universities and colleges is usually excellent,
with a lot of clubs, parties and concerts.
Translate the
following sentences into English.
1. Британские дети должны учиться в школе до 16 лет.
2. Учащиеся государственных школ должны были сдавать тесты на
уровень интеллектуального развития.
3. Средние школы подразделялись на грамматические, технические и
современные школы.
4. Грамматические школы давали академическое образование,
технические предлагали техническое или профессиональное
обучение, современные обучали профессии.
5. Общеобразовательные школы сочетают все виды средней школы в
одном здании.
6. Государство не контролирует частные школы.
7. После сдачи экзаменов на Общий сертификат о среднем
образовании можно пойти работать, поступить в колледж
дальнейшего образования или продолжить образование в школе.
8. После сдачи выпускных экзаменов продвинутого уровня можно
пойти в университет или колледж дальнейшего образования.
9. Выпускникам университета может быть присвоено звание
бакалавра или магистра.
10. Экзамены в университетах конкурсные.
1. British children must stay at school till
they are 16.
2. Pupils of state schools had to go through intelligence tests.
3. Secondary schools were subdivided into grammar, technical and
modern schools.
4. Grammar schools provided academic education, technical
schools offered technical or vocational courses, at modern
schools one could learn a trade.
5. Comprehensive schools combine all types of education under
one roof.
6. State does not control public schools.
7. After passing General Certificate of Secondary Education
exams you can work, go to a college of further education or
continue education at school.
8. After passing school-leaving A-level examinations you can go
to a university or a college of further education.
9. Graduates of a university can get the Bachelor's or Master's
degree.
10. University exams are competitive.
Из пособия "ЕГЭ. Английский язык.
Устные темы" Занина Е.Л. (2010, 272с.) - Part
two.
Additional topics.
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